Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is the most important food legume in Ghana in terms of consumption and area under production. It contains 42- 52% oil and 22-30% protein on a dry seed basis and is a rich source of minerals like phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and potassium (Savage and Keenan, 1994). Besides being a source of income for farmers, groundnut provides an inexpensive source of high quality dietary protein and oil in the diets of many Ghanaians (Asibuo et al., 2008). Despite the importance of this crop, its yields remain low below 1.0 t ha-1, which is far less than the potential yield of 2-3 t ha-1. This has affected groundnut production, the income and welfare of groundnut growers. It is not very clear whether this problem of low yields is as a result of declining soil fertility or changes in climatic condition. Calcium is a soil nutrient deficient in Ghanaian soils. Calcium deficiency leads to high percentage of aborted  seeds (empty pods or “pops”) and improperly filled pods (Ntare et al., 2008). It also leads to aborted or shriveled fruit, including darkened plumules and production of pods without seed (Singh and Oswalt, 1995). To get good yields of quality groundnut pods, an adequate amount of Ca should be present in the soil from early flowering of crop production onwards. Phosphorus, an essential nutrient for crop growth and yield with good quality is deficient in most Ghanaian soils. Although legumes can fix their own nitrogen, they often need phosphorus and potassium for good seed formation (Asiedu et al., 2000). Phosphorus also promotes root growth, enhances nutrient and water use efficiency and increases yield. The requirement of phosphorus in nodulating legumes is higher compared to non-nodulating crops. Due to the important role played by phosphorus in the physiological processes of plants, application of phosphorus to soil deficient in the nutrient leads to increase groundnut yield. Hence, appropriate Ca combination with P fertilization may reveal the causes of empty pods, low yields and seed quality of groundnut in Ghana.